A variety of substrate-nesting vertebrates, social arthropods, and detritivorous arthropods and earthworms affect spatial and temporal patterns of substrate structure, organic matter content, and infiltration in terrestrial and aquatic systems.ĭefecation by a larval caddisfly, Sericostoma personatum, increases subsurface organic content in a stream ecosystem by 75–185% ( R. Porosity determines the depth to which air and water penetrate the substrate. Schowalter, in Insect Ecology (Fourth Edition), 2016 3.2 Soil Structure, Fertility, and Infiltrationįossorial arthropods alter soil structure by redistributing soil and organic material and increasing soil porosity ( J. In the same study, oxidized carbon fractions clogging pores and coating pore cavities on mineral surfaces have been reported to be in a nanoscale distribution for the organo-mineral assemblage of micro-aggregates in a heavy textured soil. Hydrophobic SOC dominated by aromatic and aliphatic compounds (i.e., particulate carbon forms) has been shown to be physically bound in 2–5 μm pore spaces in soils ( Kinyangi et al., 2006). SOC derived from microorganisms within soils pores is bound and stabilized with aggregates, thereby affecting soil carbon sequestration. For instance, protozoa, small nematodes, and fungi inhabit the pore space between micro-aggregates while bacteria colonize within the pores of micro-aggregates for their habitat ( Six et al., 2004). These pores influence soil biodiversity (i.e., soil microorganisms) by facilitating space for their survival. Four hierarchical pore structures have been characterized as macropores, pore space between macro-aggregates, pores between micro-aggregates but within macro-aggregates, and pores within micro-aggregates in the soil environment.
Mainly, pore spaces facilitate the availability and movement of air or water within the soil environment.
Soil porosity refers to the fraction of the total soil volume that is taken up by the pore space ( Nimmo, 2004). Freeman II, in Advances in Agronomy, 2019 3.2.6 Porosity
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